Ketino Kaadze, a research
associate working at Fermilab, said "We know that the Standard Model of
physics that we have now does not explain some puzzles in nature. We know there
has to be other models that can explain phenomena like dark matter and dark
energy, and why we can have different generations of the same particle that are
identical except for their mass. Finding the Higgs particle wasn't the end of
the story. It was the starting point on a new horizon." A newly distributed
study in the journal Nature Physics reports researchers have found proof that
the Higgs boson, an essential particle suggested in 1964 and discovered in
2012, is the long sought-after particle accountable for providing mass to
elementary particles. Constructing on the full data composed in 2011 and 2012,
part of which was used to detect the Higgs boson's presence, scientists see proof
that the Higgs boson directly decays into fermions. This also was projected in
1964 but not detected until after the Higgs boson was recognized in 2012. Kaadze
said “The observation is key in reinforcing what is theorized about the Higgs
boson and is a steppingstone to building on more extensive knowledge about how
the universe works”
He added "We think that
the Higgs boson is responsible for the generation of mass of fundamental
particles. For example, the electrons acquire their mass by interacting with
the Higgs boson. As electrons are not massless, they form stable orbits around
nuclei, thus allowing the formation of electrically neutral matter from which
the Earth and all of us are made. Even slight changes of the masses of
fundamental particles around us would change the universe very drastically, and
the Higgs boson is the centerpiece that ties it all together."
Kaadze, along with other researchers,
was part of a group that watched for the Higgs boson decaying to a couple of
tau leptons, fermions that are very hefty equals of electrons. A second group
also hunted for the Higgs boson decaying into a duo of heavy fermions, termed
beauty quarks. These two decay marks provide the highest discovery possible. Kaadze
is one of the numerous scientists in Kansas State University's physics
department deeply involved in study at the European Organization for Nuclear
Research, or CERN. Their study is directed with the Compact Muon Solenoid, one
of the Large Hadron Collider's two particle sensors that help researchers at
CERN to hunt for proof for Higgs boson. The Higgs boson was the last key constituent
needed to approve the Standard Model of particle physics: a low-energy model
that describes the mechanisms of the cosmos at the lowest length scales. Struggles
are presently ongoing to almost double the center-of-mass energy at CERN . Doing so will upsurge the capability to generate
Higgs bosons. In turn, researchers can build on data in a struggle to describe
the mysteries of the cosmos.
The photo at the top of the
page displays galaxies in today's Universe that were supposed to have occurred
only in the distant past. Professor Karl Glazebrook at Swinburne University said
“We didn't think these galaxies existed. We've found they do, but they are
extremely rare," The Swinburne scientists have related the galaxies to the
‘living dinosaurs' or Wollemi Pines of space - galaxies you wouldn't supposed
to discover in today's world.
The galaxies in query look
like disks, reminiscent of our own galaxy, but not like the Milky Way they are actually
turbulent and are creating many young stars. Glazebrook said "Such
galaxies were thought to exist only in the distant past, ten billion years ago,
when the Universe was less than half its present age,"
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